RESUMO
Background: Learning from the past experiences, the district health authority Shahdol has planned a mass-prophylactic activity with the Homeopathy Medicine (Malaria Off 200) in the selected high-risk villages (above 5 API) in the year 2016 Objective: The present paper reports the effectiveness of Malaria off 200 as mass-prophylactic drug in addition to routine antimalarial activities under NVBDCP in district Shahdol, Madhya pradesh in year 2016. Methodology: A Homeopathic drug Malaria Off 200 was used for the mass-prophylaxis of Malaria in high malaria transmission season in selected 28 villages of district Shahdol. The effectiveness of the drug was ascertained as “Reduction of ≥20% villages, having more than 2 malaria case in six-month period (July-December 2016)in comparison to the previous year”. Result: Of the 28 villages, seven (25%) reported Malaria case incidence equal to or less than two in six-month period (July-December 2016). In the same time period in previous year 23 (82%) villages reported Malaria case incidence more than two. So, reduction of number of villages with 'biannual Malaria case incidence’ rate was 57%. Conclusion: The short term finding validate the campaign as effective, as per the operational definition of effectiveness coined for the campaign. However, further time series studies with Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) is recommended for future.
RESUMO
Background: Tobacco is known to mankind since ages. Despite the widespread awareness about tobacco related health hazard and vigorous efforts to regulate its use in various form of strict tobacco control legislation; its use is increasing at an alarming rate. Tobacco use carries a high risk of major health-related illness and several forms of cancers. The epidemic of tobacco use in India is inflicting a huge damage on the human health and the associated health care costs are creating a huge financial burden on the government. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of tobacco consumption and related oral mucosal lesions among patients reporting to dental outpatient department of a tertiary care centre in Rewa (M.P.). Methods: Out of the total patients reporting to the outpatient department of dentistry during the study period, 5185 patients were considered for this study, 1285 were found consuming tobacco in one or other form. The consent for participation in the study was given by 1178 tobacco users. They were interviewed through prepared questionnaires and clinically examined for tobacco associated oral lesions. The data were collected, cleaned and compiled. Results: The overall prevalence of tobacco use was 24.78%. Out of the 1178 tobacco users studied, 893 (75.80%) were males and 285 (24.19%) females. Smoked form was the most commonly used tobacco for males (44.56%) while smokeless tobacco was preferred by majority of females (69.12%). 23.94% of the tobacco users were in the age group of 21-30 years. Oral mucosal lesions were seen in 32.51% subjects. Conclusions: The number of tobacco users visiting the dental hospital is reasonably high; Tobacco consumption is a common cause of addiction, preventable illness, disability and death. The public health system should be strengthened for effectively designing, implementing and evaluating tobacco control and prevention programs. All health care professionals should be sensitized and educated for implementing measures for tobacco control and cessation.